SmartWare Unix Read Me

1: Installation
2: X11 Mode Configuration
3: Character Mode Configuration
4: Printers and Other Resources
5: How to Use SmartWare

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Section 1: Installation

Introduction

This section contains instructions for installing SmartWare Plus on all supported Unix 
platforms. The complete SmartWare Plus package includes a SmartWare executable for 
character based terminals and X Windows terminals as well as an application Developer system 
that operates on SmartWare - all three are installed at the same time.

Requirements

A supported version of Unix with approximately 35MB disk space free.

Installation

Due to the nature of Unix, installation of SmartWare Plus and the subsequent configuration of 
your Unix system, may vary. In general, the following information should give a reasonable 
outline. When in doubt, refer to the label on the SmartWare media, particularly in regard to the 
restore command. If you received a separate installation sheet with your SmartWare Plus 
package, follow those instructions.

Basically, the installation process consists of restoring the SmartWare Archives from the 
distribution media (e.g., tape) and then executing an installation script.

Restoring the SmartWare Archives

This process moves the SmartWare packages and the install script from the distribution tape or 
diskette to the Unix file system. Because this is unnecessary when installing from 
downloaded packages, skip to the next section, Creating the SmartWare Directory.

Regardless of whether you are restoring from tape or diskette, you should determine the device 
name before beginning. Refer to your operating system's manual or ask your System 
Administrator for the appropriate name. Here is a list of possible device names:

/dev/rfd0135ds18		3.5 inch media (first diskette drive)

/dev/rfd1135ds18		3.5 inch media (second diskette drive)

/dev/rfd096ds15			5.25 inch media

/dev/rct0			tape drive

/dev/tape			general tape drive name

Step 1: Change to a directory that will receive the packages.

You can place the packages in any directory however, an empty temporary directory is 
recommended. For example, this list of commands will change to your home directory 
then create a temporary directory and move to it.

cd

mkdir tmp

cd tmp

An alternative is to place the packages in the angoss directory. For information on creating 
this directory, see Creating the SmartWare Directory below.

Step 2: Issue the restore command.

After changing to the appropriate directory, run one of the following restore commands - 
substitute the appropriate media device name into the /dev/name slot. Note that, if the 
label on the SmartWare media lists a different restore command or, if you received a 
separate installation sheet, follow those instructions instead.

Tape, CD:

tar -xvf /dev/name

Disk:

tar -xvMf /dev/name

Notes: The -M parameter, used in the disk tar example above, may not be available on all 
platforms. SUN users may need to turn the Volume Manager off - kill the vold daemon - 
before issuing the restore command. Refer to your operating system's documentation.

Creating the SmartWare Directory

Option 1:

If you are installing SmartWare for use by yourself only, the recommended location is a 
subdirectory called angoss below your home directory.

To create and move to this directory, use the following commands:

cd 

mkdir angoss 

cd angoss

Option 2:

If you are installing SmartWare for use by a number of users, the recommended location is 
/usr/angoss. You will probably need super user access to perform the following 
commands.

As super user, create the directory then change the ownership of that directory to an 
appropriate user. For example:

su

mkdir /usr/angoss 

chown smartusr /usr/angoss

Note: Creating a specific SmartWare user may make administration of the system easier. 
For instance, the above example uses one called smartusr. However, this is not necessary 
and any user, other than the super user, is valid.

Installing the SmartWare Packages

Step 1: Become the appropriate user.

If you are not already the appropriate user, use the su command to switch to it. For 
example:

su smartusr

This is required because, after issuing the installation command, the current user will own 
the SmartWare files. Note that this can be anyone except the super user. If you restore as 
the super user, ownership of SmartWare files may be unpredictable.

Step 2: Change to the directory that contains the SmartWare packages.

If you are not already in this directory, change to it. For example:

cd /usr/angoss

Step 3: Run the installation script

The anginstall script uncompresses then unarchives each of the SmartWare packages and 
optionally deletes each package after it is processed. Note that this script must be run from 
the directory that contains the packages.

The anginstall script has the following command line parameters: 

-d <dir>

The destination directory. If the current directory and the destination 
directory are not the same, the -d parameter must be used. By default, 
the current directory is used.

-r

Remove packages after processing. Cannot be used with the -s parame-
ter. *

-s

Save (do not remove) packages after processing. Cannot be used with 
the -r parameter. By default, packages are not removed. *

-x

Display usage information. This is equivalent to using no parameters.

* If you are installing from a read-only directory or CD ROM, the packages are 
copied before they are uncompressed. In this case, the -r and -s parameters refer to 
the copied files.

At least one parameter must be used. For example, to install SmartWare in the 
recommended directory and remove the packages, execute:

./anginstall -r -d /usr/angoss

When the script has successfully completed its processing, a directory structure below the 
destination directory will contain the SmartWare files.

Note: You can avoid installing one (or more) of the packages by deleting it prior to 
running the anginstall script. For example, to avoid installing the tutorials, delete the 
package named tutorial. Do not delete base or system. Also, the X11 and font packages are 
required for X. The char package is required for character mode.

Step 4: Run the X11 font installation script.

If you intend to run SmartWare on X11, execute the xfontinstall script. This installs the 
SFF fonts recommended for use in WYSIWYG mode (e.g., font.italic). The script must be 
run from the ANGOSS root directory - super user access is probably required. For 
example:

cd /usr/angoss

su

./xfontinstall

Although no parameters must be passed, the xfontinstall script uses: 

-d <dir>

The font destination directory. By default, /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc is 
used except on the SUN where /usr/openwin/lib/fonts is the destina-
tion.

-x11 <dir>

The location of the X11 executables: mkfontdir and xset. By default, 
the script looks in /usr/bin/X11, /usr/X11/bin, or /usr/openwin/bin.

-pcf

Font type. Default on all but UnixWare and SUN.

-snf

Font type. Default on UnixWare.

-fb

Font type. Default on SUN.

-x

Display usage information.

If you have problems running this script, try forcing the default parameters with values. 
For instance, use the -fb font type parameter on a SUN machine. Otherwise, refer to 
the X11 Mode Configuration in which the section titled SFF Fonts discusses how 
the xfontinstall script operates.

The xlsfonts utility lists available server fonts. To test whether the SFF font installation 
was successful, run this utility and search for the string sff. For example:

xlsfonts | grep sff

This should produce a list of available SFF fonts.

Setting Environment Variables

The PATH and ANGOSS Variables

To run properly, you must have the location of the SmartWare executable files in the PATH 
variable. Executables reside in the bin directory below the main product directory. For 
example:

/usr/angoss/bin

Also, the ANGOSS environment variable must be set to the main product directory. 

In the Bourne shell, lines similar to the following can be added to the end of .profile files:

		PATH=/usr/angoss/bin:$PATH 

		export PATH

		ANGOSS=/usr/angoss 

		export ANGOSS

For the cshell, append lines to the end of .login or .cshrc files:

		set path = (/usr/angoss/bin $path) 

		setenv ANGOSS /usr/angoss

The DISPLAY Variable for X11

To run under the X11, SmartWare needs to know which display to connect to. To do this, it 
looks at the DISPLAY environment variable which should be set to your X11 device. 
Normally, this is your machine name followed by a :0.0. For instance, in the bourne shell on a 
machine named gold, execute:

		DISPLAY=gold:0.0

		export DISPLAY

or, in cshell on a machine named sodium:

		setenv DISPLAY sodium:0.0

In some cases, where the workstation (or host) is the X terminal, the machine name can be 
dropped. For example:

		setenv DISPLAY :0.0

The LD_LIBRARY_PATH Variable for Shared Libraries

If you are running SmartWare on a SUN machine, the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable must be 
set to the shared library paths and the ANGOSS lib directory. For example:

/usr/lib/X11:/opt/SUNWmotif/lib:/usr/angoss/lib

Nodes

After installation, SmartWare does not yet contain serial numbers or user nodes. If no user 
nodes are present, SmartWare will run in demonstration mode.

Note: Printing from any module and saving in the wordprocessor and spreadsheet modules are 
disabled when running in this mode.

Adding the Initial Node Set

The initial node set consists of one node for SmartWare and one for the Developer system. A 
node key card, included with the product, specifies two key codes that are used to generate the 
first node set- this does not apply to downloaded or demonstration copies of SmartWare unless 
nodes were ordered separately. 

To create the node set, change to the nodes subdirectory beneath the main product directory and 
execute the newnodes program for each type. Specify the appropriate node file name and key as 
in the following example:

		cd /usr/angoss/nodes

		/usr/angoss/bin/newnodes nodes.usr <environment_key>

		/usr/angoss/bin/newnodes devnodes.usr <developer_key>

Notes: A key will not contain: zero, one, lower case L or upper case I. If the key contains an 
exclamation character, proceed it with a literal sign (i.e., \!). If the key contains an at (@) 
symbol and that symbol kills input, run stty intr ^c to change the interrupt key.

Additional Nodes

Since each node set allows one user or process to run, only a single user will have the ability to 
access SmartWare - including the Developer system - at a time. For multiple user access to 
SmartWare, additional nodes are required.

The number of nodes currently installed can be shown by the dmpnodes program. This program 
presents a list of the contents of the nodes.usr and devnodes.usr files. For example, to discover 
the number of nodes available to SmartWare:

/usr/angoss/bin/dmpnodes -a /usr/angoss/nodes/nodes.usr

This command will produce a listing similar to the following:

		SN: ba00001000, 2 nodes

		N001 ba00001000

		N002 ba00001001

The opening line shows the first serial number plus the number of nodes; the remaining lines 
are the actual serial numbers. If dmpnodes is issued without the -a parameter, only the opening 
line is displayed.

Purchasing Nodes

Nodes can be purchased as a node key faxed to you or, as a node file that is physically shipped 
on diskette.

Before contacting ANGOSS Software for additional nodes, run the lastnode program 
specifying the appropriate node file. For example:

/usr/angoss/bin/lastnode /usr/angoss/nodes/nodes.usr

This will produce the number of nodes currently on your system, the last serial number, and the 
version number. Please include this information with your purchase order.

Installing Additional Nodes

Node Key Method

This process is identical to adding the initial node. First, ensure that no one is currently running 
SmartWare, change to the nodes subdirectory and execute the newnodes program. Specify the 
appropriate node file name and key as in the following example:

		cd /usr/angoss/nodes

		/usr/angoss/bin/newnodes nodes.usr <environment_key>

		/usr/angoss/bin/newnodes devnodes.usr <developer_key>

Notes: A key will not contain: zero, one, lower case L or upper case I. If the key contains an 
exclamation character, proceed it with a literal sign (i.e., \!). If the key contains an at (@) 
symbol and that symbol kills input, run stty intr ^c to change the interrupt key.

Diskette Method

This process is a little more complicated than the key method because the additional nodes 
must be restored from diskette and then added to the node file or files.

Step 1: Change to the nodes directory.

For example:

cd /usr/angoss/nodes

Make sure that you have permissions to modify the nodes.usr file and to add files to this 
directory.

Step 2: Issue the restore command.

After changing to the appropriate directory, run the following restore command - 
substitute the appropriate media device name into the /dev/name slot. Note that, if the 
label on the diskette lists a different restore command or, if you received a separate 
installation sheet, follow those instructions instead.

tar -xvf /dev/name

Step 3: Execute the addnodes program.

The addnodes program requires the -u parameter followed by the existing node file name 
and the new nodes file name. For example:

/usr/angoss/bin/addnodes -u node.usr nodes.1

When complete, the number of records written to the node file is displayed. Note that you 
can only add SmartWare nodes to nodes.usr and Developer nodes to devnodes.usr.

Note: If you have more than one new nodes file and all of these are to be added to the 
same system, use a wildcard for the extension or repeat this step for each file.

Step 4: Delete the new nodes file.

If addnodes ran successfully, nodes from the new nodes file will have been added to the 
existing file. You may want to confirm this with the dmpnodes program before deleting 
new nodes files. 

Permissions

All users must have read/write access to the nodes files. For example:

chmod 666 /usr/angoss/nodes/*.usr


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Section 2: X11 Mode Configuration

Like many X11 applications, a variety of items in SmartWare are configurable through 
resource settings. This section discusses setting those X resources that are specific to 
SmartWare. The section also contains a description of the SmartWare SFF fonts - if you were 
unable to install the SFF fonts, refer to this section.

If you are not running X11, refer instead to section, Character Mode Configuration.

X11 Resources

An X11 resource is a simple name: value binding. For example,

*background: black

An X11 application builds a database of these resources by reading a resource file or files 
consisting of lines like the above. Command line options may also be read.

SmartWare Resource Database Construction

SmartWare begins by building its own database from one or more of the sources listed in the 
table below. Note that a resource which occurs earlier in this list, takes precedence over one 
that follows it. 

Command line options.

The file specified in the XENVIRONMENT environment variable is read.

The X-server's resource-database, or the file ".Xdefaults" (possibly called .Xresources) in 
the user's home directory is read.

Any file "XAngoss" inside any directory "X11/app-defaults" pointed to by the ANGOSS 
environment variable is read.

The file "/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XAngoss" is read.

For general (non SmartWare-specific) information on X11 resources, check the X11 
documentation.

SmartWare X11 Resources Detailed

The general form of a resource name is:

angoss*RESOURCE

For example, the geometry resource is given the name:

angoss*geometry

Setting the window size to 80 columns by 50 rows can be accomplished with the geometry 
resource:

angoss*geometry: 80x50

In the following list, the string angoss and the asterisk are omitted.

Resource

Description

geometry:

Specifies the size of the window. The format is COLSxROWS, (e.g., 
80x50). The minimum size is 80x24. These are strict - SmartWare 
will use 80x24 if you give a screen smaller values than this. Maxi-
mum values depend on the font selected and the size of the screen. If 
the maximum size is exceeded, SmartWare will again use 80x24. The 
default is 80x50.

font:

Names the X11 font to draw text with. It is strongly recommended to 
use the SPC family of fonts, as they contain the needed special char-
acters for box and line drawing etc. The fixed font is used as a fall-
back. However, if no font can be found, SmartWare will complain 
and exit.

There are a number of font tools that may have been shipped with 
your X11 software - of these, the xlsfonts utility lists available server 
fonts. Refer to the X11 documentation for more information.

font.italic:

font.thin-caps:

font.superscript:

font.strikeout:

font.greek:

font.symbol:

font.graphics:

font.thick-caps:

font.gothic:

font.script:

These specify which fonts are used to draw WYSIWIG mode charac-
ters on the screen. They must be the same size as the standard font 
resource listed above. It is recommended that the SmartWare SFF 
fonts be used here. There are no defaults. If a size-mismatch is 
detected or, the font can't be found, the standard font is used in its 
place.

title:

This string appears on the title bar of the window. The default is 
ANGOSS SmartWare.

monitor:

Specifies a string to search the resource database for color informa-
tion. It is called monitor because a specific monitor can be named 
here however, the usual setup is to use color, gray, or mono. The 
value of monitor is used to make the color resources described below.

See also Default Monitor Values.

monitor.00:

monitor.01:

monitor.02:

etc.

monitor.15:

Specifies the 16 SmartWare colors. These resources are created via 
the monitor resource described above.

Values here specify valid color names, such as red, in the local color-
name database. For example, if monitor is set to color: 

angoss*color.09: red

means that, when you draw text within SmartWare using color num-
ber 9, that text appears on your screen in red.

See also Default Monitor Values.

Default Monitor Values

SmartWare recognizes five special monitor names. These fall into the three basic types - color, 
gray, and mono - that are mentioned in the monitor resource.

Given the monitor type, the default values are listed where applicable:  

Monitor

Description

color

colour

Both mean the same thing and 
imply that the X server can dis-
play a minimum of 16 distinct 
colors. 

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

#000000

#000080

#008000

#008080

#800000

#600080

#805000

#a0a0a0

#303030

#0000ff

#00ff00

#00ffff

#ff0000

#ff00ff

#ffff00

#ffffff

black

dark blue

dark green

dark cyan

dark red

dark magenta

brown

grey

dark grey

blue

green

cyan

red

magenta

yellow

white

gray

grey

Both mean the same thing and 
imply that the X server can dis-
play a minimum of 16 distinct 
gray-scales. 

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

#000000

#111111

#222222

#333333

#444444

#555555

#666666

#777777

#888888

#999999

#aaaaaa

#bbbbbb

#cccccc

#dddddd

#eeeeee

#ffffff

mono

This implies a bi-level display. The background color is specified by 
either black or background. For instance:

angoss*mono.black: black

angoss*mono.background: black

are identical resources as far as SmartWare is concerned. The default for 
black is black. The foreground color is given by white or foreground. The 
default is white. The synonyms foreground and background are present so 
that SmartWare will use the X-server defaults other applications use. Any 
other monitor name is permitted, but it is up to the user to setup color 
information for all 16 colors. There are no defaults in this situation and a 
lack of information will cause SmartWare to halt.

Resource File Example

! ANGOSS X11 Resource File

angoss*geometry: 90x50



! FONT settings

angoss*font spc08x14e

angoss*font.italic sff08x14b

angoss*font.thin-caps sff08x14c

angoss*font.superscript sff08x14d

angoss*font.strikeout sff08x14e

angoss*font.greek sff08x14f

angoss*font.symbol sff08x14g

angoss*font.graphics sff08x14h

angoss*font.thick-caps sff08x14i

angoss*font.gothic sff08x14j

angoss*font.script sff08x14k



! MONITOR settings

angoss*gray.00: black

angoss*gray.01: gray7

angoss*gray.02: gray13

angoss*gray.03: gray20

angoss*gray.04: gray27

angoss*gray.05: gray33

angoss*gray.06: gray40

angoss*gray.07: gray47

angoss*gray.08: gray53

angoss*gray.09: gray60

angoss*gray.10: gray67

angoss*gray.11: gray73

angoss*gray.12: gray80

angoss*gray.13: gray87

angoss*gray.14: gray93

angoss*gray.15: white



! TITLE

angoss*title ANGOSS SmartWare

Resource Start Up Parameters

Resource values can be specified on the command line by passing the resource name followed 
by the required value. The resource name must be preceded by a dash (-) and the value 
separated from the name by a space.

For a list of resource names, refer to the section, SmartWare X11 Resources Detailed. Note 
however that the full name is not used, that is, "angoss*" is not specified on the command line. 
For example, to set the geometry to 80x24, the command line would be:

xoac -geometry 80x24

Resource start up parameters override any other resource settings.

SFF Fonts

The SFF fonts recommended for use as the "WYSIWYG" fonts (e.g. font.italic) are placed in 
the /usr/angoss/resource/X11/fonts directory. Because of differences from one system to 
another, these font files are shipped in Bitmap Distribution Format (BDF) and must be 
compiled before use. The compiled format can be Server Normal Font (SNF), Portable 
Compiled Format (PCF), or X11/NeWS format. PCF is the default format.

These fonts are nearly identical to the IBM PC or PC-8 character set. The SPC fonts, which are 
available on some systems, can be used instead.

Manual Installation of SFF Fonts

This section essentially describes what the xfontinstall script performs during installation. 

Note: The following steps should only be used on systems where the xfontinstall script was not 
successful.

To perform these steps may require root user access.

Step 1: Compile fonts.

To compile fonts, change to the SmartWare fonts directory and execute the sff_install 
script specifying the desired format and output directory. A typical example:

cd /usr/angoss/resource/X11/fonts

./sff_install -pcf /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc

The sff_install flag, -pcf, is the default format and is therefore not required. Note that 
UnixWare, may not have the PCF compiler; if so, use the -snf flag. Sun/Solaris will 
probably not have either the PCF or SNF compilers; use the -fb flag instead.

Use the -x flag with ssf_install to see a list of options.

The output directory /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc is a common place for system font files 
however, depending on your system and its setup, this may be a different directory. If your 
X version has the xset utility, run it with the -q flag to determine the current font directory 
or directories.

Step 2: Create the X font files index.

When the font files have been compiled, run the X11 utility mkfontdir, specifying the 
same output directory used in sff_install above. This creates a file that the X server uses to 
determine what fonts are available. For instance:

mkfontdir /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc

Step 3: Reset the fonts path.

Finally, for these changes to take effect, run the X11 utility, xset with the fp rehash 
parameter. For example:

xset fp rehash

If your X version does not have xset, try restarting your X server and font server.

The xlsfonts utility lists available server fonts. To test whether the SFF font installation was 
successful, run this utility and search for the string sff. For example:

xlsfonts | grep sff

This should produce a list of available SFF fonts.

Note: It is possible to install the SFF fonts in a different directory, that is, one not in the Font 
Path listed by xset -q. Refer to your X11 documentation on the xset utility using the +fp or fp+ 
parameters.



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Section 3: Character Mode Configuration

This section discusses unique configuration aspects for the character version of SmartWare.

If you are running under X11, you may want to use the graphical executable instead. Refer to 
the X11 Mode Configuration for information.

Character Terminal Setup

Typically, character mode applications use terminfo to determine how keystrokes are 
interpreted and how characters are displayed on the screen. SmartWare uses this mechinism but 
also includes an extended version to handle special cases which allow for the use of monkey bar 
graphic characters and the redefinition of keystrokes. As with terminfo, the extended version 
settings are determined by the TERM environment variable.

For more information on terminfo, refer to your operating system's documentation.

Creating and Editing etic Files

While terminfo has many of the required settings used by SmartWare, it does not provide the 
ideal key combinations and special character display information. For this reason, SmartWare 
uses an extended form of terminfo files called etic files.

A utility program, also named etic (Extended Terminal Information Compiler) is used to build 
the extended terminal information. This program turns source - a text file - into a compiled 
terminal information file in the same way that terminfo files are created. It can also decompile 
both etic and terminfo files.

Editing etic Source Files

Any text editor can be used to create or modify source files. Existing etic files have .tic 
extensions and reside in subdirectories below the angoss/info directory - like terminfo files, 
these subdirectories are based on the first letter of the file. For example:

/usr/angoss/tinfo/a/ansi.tic

Essentially, etic files are terminfo files with additional capabilities. Anything that is valid for a 
terminfo file is also valid for an etic file. Special SmartWare instructions however, must be 
preceded with a left brace:

{cmap

When SmartWare starts up it will search for the terminfo and etic files. If both are present, both 
will be read into memory. When designing an etic file to work in conjunction with a terminfo 
file, avoid duplication to obtain maximum speed and memory efficiency. On the other hand, 
when designing an etic file to work on a stand-alone basis, include everything that normally 
goes into the terminfo file. The contents of a terminfo can be redirected into another file after 
decompiling it with infocmp or the etic program using the decompile option. For example:

/usr/angoss/bin/etic -i /usr/lib/terminfo/a/ansi > example.tic

Note that the infocmp utility is not available on all operating systems.

General Information about ETIC and TERMINFO Files

Here are some important points to remember when you are editing either terminfo or etic files: 

White spaces, comments, and other indentation formats may be used to organize the source 
code and increase readability.

Comments are indicated by using the pound sign (#) and may start anywhere on a line, ter-
minated by the end of the line.

Individual values are separated by commas. Even the last entry must end with a comma.

To symbolize an escape character, use a backslash capital E (\E).

To enter control characters, use ^<capital letter>. ^A for example.

To insert a literal ^, use \^.

The first line is an identifier of the supported terminals followed by a description. Terminal 
names are separated by | characters with the description as the last item. For example:

ansi|ansic|ansi80x25|Ansi standard console

An ansi file will be created as a result of the compile. Then ansic and ansi80x25 are created 
by linking to this - thus, all three terminals will behave identically.

Special SmartWare command words are preceded with a left brace ({).

Special Entries for SmartWare

This section describes special SmartWare entries that apply to etic files only.

Entry

Description

{cmap

Used to remap a PC character to an appropriate character. The syntax is: 

{cmap=\d1\d2,

Where: d1 is a PC decimal character and d2 is a terminal character to Substi-
tute Note that if d is not used, characters are in Octal.



Refer to the Relevant PC Characters table to determine PC characters. Refer 
to the terminal's manual for substitutions. Alternatively, to display the termi-
nal character set, run the SmartWare spreadsheet module, enter the formula 
chr(row) and copy it down to row 255. Note that on some terminals, certain 
high characters cause the terminal to switch modes or causes other interest-
ing side effects.

{delay

Instructs SmartWare to change the default key wait time. In order to opti-
mize performance when SmartWare is idle, it will pause for half a second 
while waiting for a keystroke. This avoids needless looping which would 
have an adverse affect upon other users. To modify the key wait time, insert 
the following line in the .tic file:

{delay#t,

Where: t is the time in tenths of a second

{escdelay

Sets the time, in 10ths of a second, that a lone escape character actually 
means escape. In SmartWare, the escape key operates as both a lead-in key 
and an escape key. This is accomplished by placing a delay after the escape 
key is pressed. If no other key is pressed within a certain length of time, the 
key press is interpreted as an escape. This permits users to define escape on 
their terminal - rather than using Ctrl C - while at the same time not having 
the software confuse it with other sequences the terminal might send. The 
default value is 10 (one second), the maximum is 255. A value of 0 will 
result in unusual, system-dependant behavior - the most likely result will be: 
terminal keyboard sequences work fine, but the escape function does not.

{k<key>

Overrides the default keystroke settings. The syntax is:

{k<key>=<label><sequence>,

Where: key is the etic key name, label is the keyboard key name and, 
sequence is the sequence of characters produced by the keystroke.



For example, to define the F11 key as screen refresh:

1. Determine what character sequence F11 produces. Check the terminal's 
manual. A trick that sometimes works is to press the key at the Unix 
prompt followed by Enter - an error message containing the sequence is 
displayed. Note that ESC is displayed as ^[ so that, for an ansi terminal, 
F11 produces ^[[W which can be interpreted as <ESC>[W.

2. Now, refer to the Key Name table. This reveals that the name for refresh is 
{krefresh.

3. Next, edit the .tic ETIC source file and insert the line:

{krefresh="F11"\E[W,

4. Compile the .tic file.

The change will take effect the next time SmartWare is started.



Another example, which instructs SmartWare to interpret ^J as ^J, instead of 
down arrow, is:

{kcj="\^J"^J,

Note the use of the slash to indicate a literal character and the fact the J is 
capitalized.



If two keystroke patterns conflict with each other, only one will be functional 
or the key help will report incorrect instructions. In order to resolve these 
problems refer to the Keystroke Conversion table to remap any conflicts. For 
example, to remap Ctrl L as refresh:

{krefresh="\^L"^L,

{kright="RIGHT"\E[C,

The first line tells SmartWare to perform a refresh when it receives ^L how-
ever, the Keystroke Conversion table shows that the default for ^L is a right 
arrow. The second line resolves the conflict by assigning the right arrow to 
the appropriate key sequence for the terminal (here, it's an AT&T 605).

{pc

Indicates that the PC character set should be used. This allows for the use of 
characters above ASCII 127. If it is absent, all graphic characters will be 
mapped to regular text characters.

Relevant PC Characters

This table contains the PC characters used by SmartWare. It provides the character number, a 
description of its use within SmartWare and, the related spsymmap index.

Table 1: Relevant PC Characters

No.

Description

spsymmap

4

Diamond. Used as end of file symbol in the word processor. 

22, 28

16

Right pointing triangle. Used for file prompter, and word processor 
tabs.

38

18

Up and down arrow, used in preferences to show there is text both 
above and below It is also used to show that there is hidden text

46

20

End of paragraph marker. Used in the word processor.

31

22

Heavy bar. Used to indicate hard page breaks in the Word Processor.

25

24

Up arrow. Used in preferences to show that there is text above the 
current screen.

47

25

Down arrow. Used in preferences to show that there is text below the 
current screen

48

26

Right arrow. Used in the word processor to show that a word is in the 
index. 

38

27

Left arrow. Used in the word processor to show that a word is in the 
index.

39

29

Left and right arrow

29

174

Double left arrow

36

175

Double right arrow

37

179

Single vertical bar

0

180

Single right connector

9

185

Double right connector

20

186

Double vertical bar

11

187

Double top right corner

15

188

Double bottom right corner

17

191

Single top right corner

4

192

Single bottom left corner

5

193

Single bottom connecter

10

194

Single top connecter

8

195

Single left connecter

7

196

Single horizontal line

1

197

Single crossbars

2

200

Double left corner

16

201

Double top left corner

14

202

Double bottom connecter

21

203

Double top connecter

19

204

Double left connecter

18

205

Double horizontal bar

12, 23

206

Double crossbars

13

217

Single bottom right corner

6

218

Single top left corner

3

254

Left block

24, 27

Key Name

This table lists the etic names for SmartWare keystrokes. 

Table 2: Key Name

etic Name

Keystroke

etic Name

Keystroke

{ka<a-z>

Alt characters 

{kf<1-10>

Function Keys

{ksf<1-10>

Shifted Function Keys

{kcf<1-10>

Control Function Keys 

{kaf<1-10>

Alt Function Keys

{kc<a-g,j-l,n-z>

Control Characters

{kbksp 

Back Space (Ctrl H) 

{ktab

Tab (Ctrl I)

{kreturn 

Return (Ctrl M) 

{khome

Home

{kchome 

Ctrl Home 

{kpgup

Page Up

{kcpgup 

Ctrl Page Up

{kpgdn

Page Down

{kcpgdn

Ctrl Page Down

{kup

Up Arrow

{kdown

Down Arrow

{kright

Right Arrow

{kcright

Ctrl Right Arrow

{kleft

Left Arrow

{kcleft

Ctrl Left Arrow

{kins

Insert

{kdel

Delete 

{kend

End

{kcend 

Ctrl End

{kcminus

Ctrl Minus

{kaminus 

Alt Minus

{kcreturn

Ctrl Return

{kstab

Shift Tab 

{kesc

Escape

{khelp

Key Help 

{kprtscn

Print Screen

{krefresh

Refresh Screen

{khchr

High Character

Keystroke Conversion

The Keystroke conversion table, shows the SmartWare keystroke in column 1 and the 
keystroke sequence that must be provided in column 2. Column 3 shows the actual keystroke 
required on a properly configured ansi terminal if it varies from column 2.

Table 3: Keystroke Conversion

DOS ANGOSS

UNIX ANGOSS

ANSI

F1 to F10

<Esc> 1 to 0

F1 to F10

Ctrl F1 to F10

<Esc> /1 to 0

Alt F1 to F10

<Esc> <Esc> 1 to 0

<Esc> F1 to F10

Shift F1

<Esc> !

Shift F2

<Esc> @

Shift F3

<Esc> #

Shift F4

<Esc> $

Shift F5

<Esc> %

Shift F6

<Esc> ^

Shift F7

<Esc> &

Shift F8

<Esc> *

Shift F9

<Esc> (

Shift F10

<Esc> )

Alt A through Alt Z

<Esc> a through z

Alt 1 to Alt 0

<Esc> \ 1 to 0

Ctrl A

Ctrl A

Ctrl B

Ctrl B

Ctrl C

<Esc> =

Ctrl D

<Esc> / d

Ctrl D

Ctrl E

Ctrl E

Ctrl F

Ctrl F

Ctrl G

Ctrl G

Ctrl J

<Esc> <

Ctrl J

Ctrl K

<Esc> >

Ctrl K

Ctrl L

<Esc> .

Ctrl L

Ctrl N

Ctrl N

Ctrl O

Ctrl O

Ctrl P

Ctrl P

Ctrl Q

<Esc> / q

Ctrl Q

Ctrl R

<Esc> / r

Ctrl R

Ctrl S

<Esc> / s

Ctrl S

Ctrl T

Ctrl T

Ctrl U

Ctrl U

Ctrl U

Ctrl V

Ctrl V

Ctrl W 

Ctrl W

Ctrl X

<Esc> space

Ctrl X

Ctrl Y

Ctrl Y

Ctrl Z

Ctrl Z

Ctrl minus

<Esc> -

Alt minus

<Esc> / -

Home

<Esc> Ctrl K

Home

Ctrl Home

<Esc> / Up

<Esc> Home

Page up 

Ctrl U

Page up

Ctrl Page up

<Esc> Ctrl U

<Esc> Page up

Page down

Ctrl D

Page down

Ctrl Page down

<Esc> Ctrl D

<Esc> Page down

Up Arrow

Ctrl K

Up

Right

Ctrl L

Right

Ctrl Right Arrow

<Esc> Ctrl L

<Esc> Right

Backspace

Ctrl H

Backspace

Ctrl Left Arrow

<Esc> Ctrl H

<Esc> Left

Down Arrow

Ctrl J

Down

Insert 

Ctrl R

Insert

Delete

Del

Delete

End

<Esc> Ctrl J

End

Ctrl End

<Esc> / Ctrl J

<Esc> End

Shift Tab

<Esc> Ctrl I

<Esc> Tab

Ctrl backspace

<Esc> / Ctrl H

Tab right

Ctrl I

Tab

Ctrl Return

<Esc> Ctrl M

<Esc> Return

Return

Ctrl M

Return

Escape

Ctrl C

KB Help

<Esc> <Esc> \

PrtScn

<Esc> <Esc> !

Refresh

<Esc> <Esc> =

High Chars

<Esc> <Esc> #

The Extended Terminal Information Compiler

The etic compiler may be used to compile or decompile an Extended Terminal Information file. 
It is capable of processing many files in one pass and of using different options for each file.

The command line usage is:

etic [-flags] filename(s) [[-flags] filename(s)...]

where flags are appropriate combinations of:

Flag

Description

Notes

c

compile

Default option if none provided.

i

decompile

Produce source listing from object file.

d

describe

Produce descriptive listing from object file.

k

check

Check syntax of source file.

v

verbose

Provide in-depth explanation of the process.

a

active

Interactively compile and debug the source.

The -c option (compile) is the default option. It instructs etic to turn the specified text file into a 
format that is used by SmartWare for its terminal handling. This format is similar to the 
terminfo format.

The -i option (decompile) is used to take a compiled etic or terminfo file and reverse engineer it 
back to the source code that comprises it. This is a useful function if an etic source file is 
accidentally erased since it can be rebuilt from the compiled version. It should be noted that 
comments and white spaces will not be restored during the decompile stage because they are 
ignored during a compile. Note that the -i option sends the decompiled information to stdout so, 
to create a file, use > to redirect the output to a file.

A partial sample is shown below:

vt100|vt100-am|dec vt100,

cols#80,

lines#24,

csr=\E[%i%p1%d;%p2%dr,

clear=\E[H\E[2J,

el=\E[K,

...

kpp=\E\E[A,

kcuf1=\E[C,

kcuu1=\E[A,

rs2=\E>\E[?3l\E[?4l\E[?5l\E[?7h\E[?8h,

# ETICINFO-specific capabilities follow...

{pc,

{cmap=\363y,

The -d option (describe) is used to partially disassemble the etic file into a text file with the 
individual line items described in english. Each line contains a text description followed by the 
keyword in brackets and the value's setting. A sample of the VT100 script is shown below:

------------------------------------------------------------

vt100|vt100-am|dec vt100

------------------------------------------------------------

columns( cols)= 80

lines( lines)= 24

change_scroll_region( csr)= \E[%i%p1%d;%p2%dr

clear_screen( clear)= \E[H\E[2J

clr_eol( el)= \E[K

...

key_left( kcub1)= \E[D

key_npage( knp)= \E\E[B

key_ppage( kpp)= \E\E[A

key_right( kcuf1)= \E[C

key_up( kcuu1)= \E[A

reset_2string( rs2)= \E>\E[?3l\E[?4l\E[?5l\E[?7h\E[?8h

pc_console( {pc)= TRUE

sic_cmap( {cmap)= \363y

The -k option (check) is used to validate that the source code in the etic file is in the proper 
format for a successful compilation. This is useful for quickly checking the source code without 
taking the time to compile the source code file.

When the -v option (verbose) is selected, compilation of the etic file is performed with an in-
depth explanation of each step that is currently underway. This listing can be helpful when 
debugging a source file. A partial sample is shown below:

Building terminal capability search tree...

Parsing source file...

TOKEN vt100 COMPILER STATE = 1

TOKEN | COMPILER STATE = 2

TOKEN vt100-am COMPILER STATE = 1

TOKEN | COMPILER STATE = 2

TOKEN dec vt100 (w/advanced video) COMPILER STATE = 3

TOKEN , COMPILER STATE = 4

TOKEN am COMPILER STATE = 5

TOKEN , COMPILER STATE = 4

TOKEN mir COMPILER STATE = 5

TOKEN , COMPILER STATE = 4

TOKEN msgr COMPILER STATE = 5

TOKEN , COMPILER STATE = 4

TOKEN \E[3g COMPILER STATE = 5

...

TOKEN , COMPILER STATE = 4

Writing compiled file vt100...

Step 1: Counting terminfo capabilities...

Counted 37 booleans, 30 numbers & 363 strings in term.h table.

The -a option (active) is used to interactively compile the etic source code files. This is useful 
for finding potential errors and can aid in debugging problems in the etic source file.

Using etic Files

Compiled etic files need to be placed in a specific directory for use by SmartWare. By default, 
this directory is below the tinfo subdirectory within angoss, using the first letter of the file as 
the directory name. For example, the VT100 terminal etic would be in:

/usr/angoss/tinfo/v

The location for compiled etic files may be changed by setting an operating system variable 
called ETICINFO. This variable should contain the pathing to the etic files. If the required file 
is not there, SmartWare will rely on the terminfo file for setup. Note that the terminfo and etic 
files used by SmartWare are specified by the environment variable TERM which is usually set 
by the login process. If neither the etic nor terminfo file can be found, SmartWare will abort to 
the operating system.

Global Preferences in Character Mode

The TOOLS PREFERENCES GLOBAL command within SmartWare has two special 
character mode items.

Use Optimized Screen Refresh

If this option is set to yes then, before SmartWare refreshes the screen, it checks to see if there 
are any pending keystrokes. If it finds one or more, the screen will not be refreshed until the last 
keystroke is processed, thus saving needless screen repainting. For example, this prevents 
having to wait for the screen to catch up to you if you lean on a down arrow on a slow terminal. 
You should never have to wait for more that one or two screen repaints.

Optimized screen refreshing does have some disadvantages. For instance, if the machine is very 
busy you may not see the characters as you type them, causing a noticeable lag before they are 
displayed.

Display Lead-in Keystrokes

To obtain an Alt L in the character mode version, you must press the Esc key followed by the L 
key. The Esc represents a lead-in character. If you indicate that lead-in characters should be 
displayed, they will be displayed on the lower right hand corner of the terminal.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 4: Printers and Other Resources

Regardless of the version - X11 or character mode - configuring SmartWare resources apply to 
both. This section discusses basic printer selection and how new resources are set up - 
including how those resources are used in a multi-user environment.

Many of the commands used in this section are accessed from SmartWare's Main Module. To 
start this module, the xoac or oac command is issued. For example:

In X11:

/usr/angoss/xoac

In character mode:

/usr/angoss/oac

If you are unable to start SmartWare with one of these commands, refer to the section, How to 
Use SmartWare for additional information.

Selecting a Printer

Basic Instructions

The most common hardware resources are, of course, printers. Selecting a printer from the 
available resources is accomplished through the Tools / Preferences / Hardware group of 
commands from any of SmartWare's modules. The resulting window displays the currently 
selected hardware devices.

To select a printer, move the pointer to the Printer field and press F6. If you cannot find the 
appropriate printer in the list, refer to the SmartWare Resources section for instructions on 
adding resources.

After choosing a printer, move the pointer to the Port field and select Spooler. Then move 
down to the Printer Spool Name field and press F6. Select the appropriate spooler.

Finally, press F10 to close the hardware selection window.

For complete printer and other hardware options, refer to the Software System manual.

SmartWare Resources

After installing SmartWare, a minimally configured system resource library is copied to the 
resource subdirectory beneath the main product directory. This library contains resources, such 
as printers, that SmartWare accesses at run-time. However, additional resources exist in 
subdirectories beneath the resource directory. For example, printer descriptors can be found in:

../angoss/resource/dsc

A system administrator can add or remove printers, plotters and other miscellaneous files to the 
resource library through the Tools / Resource / Modify commands in SmartWare's Main 
Module. In a multi-user environment, the system resource library should contain the resources 
used by all users which is supplemented, if required, by local resource libraries residing in the 
users' home directories.

Adding Plotter, Printer and Cartridge Descriptors

After selecting the Tools / Resource / Modify commands, press F7 to add a resource. A file 
prompter is then provided. If appropriate, a default extension and directory will be used. When 
using the prompter to select the printer descriptor, cartridge descriptor, or plotter descriptor, file 
names are presented only. Refer to the Printer Descriptors, Cartridge Descriptors and Plotter 
Descriptors tables at the end of this section for the actual names.

Setting up plotters is more straightforward than printers. You simply pick the descriptor with 
the same model numbers as your plotter. You can find more information about configuring 
your plotter in the Software System manual.

When choosing a printer descriptor, you must consider several factors. The following explains 
information contained in a descriptor file name.

Usually, two descriptors are associated with every printer: one for draft and the other for 
quality mode. Some printers support font cartridge descriptors requiring that the appropriate 
cartridge descriptor be loaded.

Regular printer descriptor files have a .cpd extension. These names represent, in short form, the 
printer type. Draft printer descriptor names usually end with the character d while quality 
printer descriptor names usually end with the letter q although, in some cases, these identifiers 
are placed in the second last character position. For instance, to install the Epson FX-850/1050 
and Hewlett Packard Series II laser printer descriptors, select:

ep_f850d.cpd			Epson FX-850/1050, draft mode 

ep_f850q.cpd			Epson FX-850/1050, quality mode 

hpii__dc.cpd			HP series II, 100 dpi 

hpii__qc.cpd			HP series II, 300 dpi

Cartridge descriptor files have .ccd extension and plotter descriptors have a .psc extension. File 
names are structured similarly to the printer descriptors but without the draft or quality 
indicators.

Note: After adding resources, use Tools / Preferences / Hardware to activate any new device 
or devices.

Removing the Resource Subdirectories

The resource subdirectories are not required by SmartWare at run-time therefore, to free up 
drive space, these can be moved to another storage medium. The following list shows the 
directory of each resource type: 

Directory

Description

resource/cct/*

character conversion tables 

resource/dsc/*

printer descriptors

resource/fonts/*

font files

resource/lsc/*

cartridge descriptors

resource/modems/*

modem descriptors

resource/psc/*

plotter descriptors

resource/sff/*

screen font files

Note: Moving the tutorial files to another storage medium can also free up drive space. These 
are stored in the tutorial subdirectory under the oasys directory.

Multiple Users

Resource Library

Because the resource library's function is to enhance SmartWare's execution speed, the 
resource file benefits from being kept as small as possible. Ideally, it should contain only those 
resources required by all users. Users with limited hardware needs should store those hardware 
drivers in their own local resource libraries residing in the users' home directories. This will 
provide better execution speed and also, limit these users to the correct drivers.

User Preferences

SmartWare checks for default and preference files in a user's home directory. If it does not find 
them there, the main product directory will be used, which may lead to problems if the user 
does not have permissions to that directory.

Preference files for hardware selections and the operation of each software module have the 
extension .def. These files define system settings that users can change. If users share 
preference files, conflicts may occur. For instance, if one user resets the printer to a laser, all 
users sharing the same smarthdw.def file will have the printer reset. For this reason, separate 
preference files are desirable.

Since SmartWare will look for these files in the user directory before looking for the network 
system defaults, each user can set their own preferences without altering any other users' 
preferences. Note that SmartWare actually searches for preferences in the start up directory 
first, therefore, if user's are starting from a common directory, you should not have .def files in 
that directory.

To place preference files into a user directory, start SmartWare's Main Module and select 
Tools / User-Directory. Enter the User directory and the Source directory in the dialog box. 
Note that the source directory must contain the .def files that you want to place into the user 
directory. When complete, select Ok.

Note: User directories are created if required.

Permissions

All users must have read/write access to the nodes files located under the ANGOSS product 
directory. For example:

chmod 666 /usr/angoss/nodes/*.usr

Users must also be able to read and write to their own preference files.

Hardware Descriptor Tables



Table 4: Printer Descriptors

File Name

Printer Description

al_224ed

ALPS 224e/324e, Non-Color, Draft Mode

al_224eq 

ALPS 224e/324e, Non-color, Quality Mode

alc224ed

ALPS 224e/324e, Color, Draft Mode 

alc224eq 

ALPS 224e/324e, Color, Quality Mode 

aplw__qc 

Apple LaserWriter, PostScript Printer 

aplwp_qc 

Apple LaserWriter Plus, PostScript Printer

at__t455

AT&T 455 Daisy wheel, Prop Bold (82190) print wheel 

br__hr40 

40 Brother HR-40 Daisy Wheel

ca_130eq

Canon BJ-130e, Quality Mode 

ca_8miii 

Canon LBP-8 MARK III, 300 Resolution 

ca__m8ii 

Canon LBP-8II Laser Beam Printer, 300 Resolution 

ca_b130d 

Canon BJ-130, Draft Mode 

ca_b130q 

Canon BJ-130, Quality Mode

ca_lbp3r

Canon LBP-8 MARK III R, 300 Resolution 

ca_lbp3t 

Canon LBP-8 MARK III T, 300 Resolution

ca_lbp_4 

Canon LBP-4, 300 Resolution 

ca_m8iir

Canon LBP-8IIR Laser Beam Printer, 300 Resolution

ca_m8iit 

Canon LBP-8IIT Laser Beam Printer, 300 Resolution

canon300 

Canon LBP A1 and A2 Laser Printer, 300,ISO Mode 

ci_310xd

C. ITOH Prowriter c-310/15cxp, Non-color FX-80 Draft Mode

ci_310xq

C.ITOH ProWriter C310/15CXP, Non-Color FX80 Quality Mode 

ci_c715d

C.ITOH C-715A, Epson LQ ID, Draft Mode 

ci_c715q

C.ITOH C-715A, Epson LQ ID, Quality Mode

ci_prjrd

C.ITOH ProWriter Jr., Draft Mode

ci_prjrq 

C.ITOH ProWriter Jr., Quality Mode 

cic310xd 

C.ITOH ProWriter C-310/315CXP, Color, Draft Mode 

cic310xq

C.ITOH ProWriter C-310/315CXP, Color, Quality Mode

cicc715d

C.ITOH C-715A, Epson LQ ID, Color, Draft Mode 

cicc715q

C.ITOH C-715A, Epson LQ ID, Color, Quality Mode 

color_ps 

Generic Color PostScript Printer 

ct_180dd

Citizen 180D, Epson Mode, Draft Mode

ct_180dq

Citizen 180D, Epson Mode, Quality Mode 

ct_gs14d

Citizen GSX 140, Non-color, Draft mode 

ct_gs14q 

Citizen GSX 140, Non-color, Quality mode 

ct_ms10d

Citizen MSP-10/15, Draft Mode 

ct_ms10q 

Citizen MSP-10/15, Quality Mode 

ct_ms20d

Citizen MSP-20/25, Draft Mode 

ct_ms20q 

Citizen MSP-20/25, Quality Mode

ct_ms40d

Citizen MSP-40/45/50/55, Draft Mode 

ct_ms40q 

Citizen MSP-40/45/50/55, Quality Mode 

ct_t124d

Citizen Tribute 124/224, Draft Mode 

ct_t124q 

Citizen Tribute 124/224, Quality Mode 

ctcgs14d 

Citizen GSX 140, Color, Draft mode

ctcgs14q

Citizen GSX 140, Color, Quality mode

di__630d

Diablo 630 Daisy Wheel 

dp_8051d

DataProducts 8051/52/70/72, Draft

dp_8051t 

DataProducts 8051/52/70/72, Text d

dp_9040d 

DataProducts 9040, Non-Color, Draft Mode 

dp_9040q 

DataProducts 9040, Non-Color, Quality Mode 

dpc8051d 

DataProducts 8051/52/70/72, Draft Color (Process Ribbon) 

dpc9040d 

Dataproducts 9040, Color, Draft Mode 

dpc9040q 

Dataproducts 9040, Color, Quality Mode 

ep_1500d 

Epson LQ-1500, Draft Mode 

ep_1500q 

Epson LQ-1500, Quality Mode 

ep_2500d 

Epson LQ-2500, Non-Color, Draft Mode

ep_2500q 

Epson LQ-2500, Non-color, Quality Mode 

ep_2550d 

Epson LQ-2550, Non-Color, Draft Mode 

ep_2550q 

Epson LQ-2550, Non-color, Quality Mode 

ep_5000d 

Epson DFX-5000, Draft Mode 

ep_5000q 

Epson DFX-5000, Quality Mode 

ep_e800d 

Epson EX-800/1000, Draft Mode 

ep_e800q 

Epson EX-800/1000, Quality Mode 

ep_f850d

Epson FX-850/1050, Draft Mode 

ep_f850q 

Epson FX-850/1050, Quality Mode 

ep_f86ed 

Epson FX-86e/286e, Draft Mode 

ep_f86eq 

Epson FX-86e/286e, Quality Mode 

ep_fx80d 

Epson FX-80/100 JX-80, Draft Mode 

ep_fx80q 

Epson FX-80/100 JX-80, Quality Mode 

ep_fx85d 

Epson FX-85/185/286, Draft Mode 

ep_fx85q 

Epson FX-85/185/286, Quality Mode 

ep_g500d 

Epson GQ-5000, 150 DPI Resolution, HP Mode 

ep_g500q 

Epson GQ-5000, 300 DPI Resolution, HP Mode 

ep_l800d

Epson LX-800, Draft Mode 

ep_l800q 

Epson LX-800, Quality Mode 

ep_lx80d 

Epson LX-80, Draft Mode 

ep_lx80q 

Epson LX-80, Quality Mode 

ep_lx86d

Epson LX-86, Draft Mode 

ep_lx86q 

Epson LX-86, Quality Mode 

ep_mx80d 

Epson MX-80/100 with GRAFTRAX Plus 

ep_q500d

Epson LQ-500, Draft Mode

ep_q500q 

Epson LQ-500, Quality Mode 

ep_q800d

Epson LQ-800/1000, Draft Mode 

ep_q800q 

Epson LQ-800/1000, Quality Mode 

ep_q850d 

Epson LQ-850/950/1050, Draft Mode 

ep_q850q 

Epson LQ-850/950/1050, Quality Mode 

ep_q860d 

Epson LQ-860/1060, Draft Mode 

ep_q860q 

Epson LQ-860/1060, Quality Mode 

ep_rx80d 

Epson RX-80/100, Draft Mode

ep_sq25d

Epson SQ-2550, Draft Mode 

ep_sq25q

Epson SQ-2550, Quality Mode 

ep_t480d

Epson TLQ-4800, Draft Mode

ep_t480q

Epson TLQ-4800, Quality Mode

epc2500d 

Epson LQ-2500, Color, Draft Mode 

epc2500q 

Epson LQ-2500, Color, Quality Mode 

epc2550d 

Epson LQ-2550, Color, Draft Mode 

epc2550q 

Epson LQ-2550, Color, Quality Mode 

epce800d 

Epson EX-800/1000, Color, Draft Mode

epce800q 

Epson EX-800/1000, Color, Quality Mode

epcjx80d 

Epson JX-80, Color, Draft Mode 

epcjx80q 

Epson JX-80, Color, Quality Mode 

epcq860d 

Epson LQ-860/1060, Color, Draft Mode 

epcq860q 

Epson LQ-860/1060, Color, Quality Mode 

fu_dl24d

Fujitsu DL2400, Non-color, Draft mode 

fu_dl24q

Fujitsu DL2400, Non-color, Quality mode 

fucdl24d 

Fujitsu DL2400, Color, Draft mode 

fucdl24q 

Fujitsu DL2400, Color, Quality mode 

furx73dc 

Fujitsu RX7300E Laser Printer, 150 DPI Resolution 

furx73qc 

Fujitsu RX7300E Laser Printer, 300 Resolution 

gen__ibm

Generic IBM (Draft & Quality) 

gen_epsn

Generic Epson (Draft & Quality) 

genericd 

Generic Default Printer

gp300 

Philips, GP300, No Graphics, Draft Mode 

hp__dj5d 

HP DeskJet 500, 150 Resolution 

hp__dj5q 

HP DeskJet 500, 300 Resolution

hp__rw_d 

Hewlett-Packard RuggedWriter, Draft Mode 

hp__rw_q 

Hewlett-Packard RuggedWriter, Quality Mode 

hp_qj_ep

HP QuietJet, Epson Mode, Sws A-2,5 Up; B All Down

hp_qjtxt 

HP QuietJet, Text Mode 

hp_tj_ep 

HP ThinkJet, Epson Mode Sw 5 Up 

sk_dc 

HP DeskJet, 150 Resolution

hpdsk_qc 

HP DeskJet, 300 Resolution 

hpdskpdc 

HP DeskJet Plus, 150 Resolution 

hpdskpqc 

HP DeskJet Plus, 300 Resolution

hp510_qc

HP DeskJet 510, 300 dpi

hp550_dc

HP DeskJet 550, 150 Resolution

hp550_qc

HP DeskJet 550, 300 Resolution

hp550_q2

HP DeskJet 550, 300 Resolution (2 pass dot row printing)

hp550_q4

HP DeskJet 550, 300 Resolution (4 pass dot row printing)

hpportqc

HP DeskJet Portable, 300 dpi

hp4_300q

HP Series 4, 300 dpi

hp4_600q

HP Series 4, 600 dpi

hp4l__qc

HP Series 4L, 300 dpi

hp4si3qc

HP Series 4Si, 300 dpi

hp4si6qc

HP Series 4Si, 600 dpi

hpii__dc 

HP Series II, 150 DPI Resolution 

hpii__qc 

HP Series II, 300 DPI Resolution

hpiid_dc 

HP Series IID, 150 DPI Resolution

hpiid_qc 

HP Series IID, 300 DPI Resolution 

hpiii_dc 

HP Series III, 150 DPI Resolution 

hpiii_qc 

HP Series III, 300 DPI Resolution 

hpiiiddc 

HP Series IIID, 150 DPI Resolution 

hpiiidqc 

HP Series IIID, 300 DPI Resolution 

hpiip_dc 

HP Series IIP, 150 DPI Resolution 

hpiip_qc 

HP Series IIP, 300 DPI Resolution

hpls__dc 

HP LaserJet, 150 DPI Resolution 

hpls__qc

HP LaserJet, 300 DPI Resolution

hplzplsd 

HP LaserJet Plus/500, 150 DPI Resolution 

hplzplsq 

HP LaserJet Plus/500, 300 DPI Resolution 

hppj__dc 

HP PaintJet, 90 DPI Resolution, 16 Colors 

hppj__qb 

HP PaintJet, 180 DPI Resolution, Black & White 

hppj__qc 

HP PaintJet, 180 DPI Resolution, 8 Colors

hppjxldc 

HP PaintJet XL, 90 DPI Resolution, 16 Colors

hppjxlqb 

HP PaintJet XL, 180 DPI Resolution, Black & White

hppjxlqc 

HP PaintJet XL, 180 DPI Resolution, 8 Colors 

ib4019hp

IBM LaserPrinter 4019, 300 DPI, HP Emulation 

ib_cjtxt 

IBM Color Jetprinter, Non-Color Text Mode 

ib_execd

IBM ExecJet, Draft Mode 

ib_execq 

IBM ExecJet, Quality Mode 

ib_grafd 

IBM Graphics Printer, Draft Mode 

ib_p24pd 

IBM Proprinter 24-P, Draft Mode 

ib_p24pq 

IBM Proprinter 24-P, Quality Mode 

ib_pclrd 

IBM Color Printer, Draft Non-Color 

ib_pclrt 

IBM Color Printer, Text Mode, Non-Color

ib_pr24d 

IBM ProPrinter X-24/XL-24, Draft Mode 

ib_pr24q

IBM ProPrinter X-24/XL-24, Quality Mode 

ib_pro2d

IBM ProPrinter II/II XL, Draft Mode

ib_pro2q 

IBM ProPrinter II/II XL, Quality Mode 

ib_pro3d 

IBM ProPrinter III/III XL, Draft Mode

ib_pro3q I

IBM ProPrinter III/III XL, Quality Mode

ib_propd

IBM ProPrinter/ProPrinter XL, Draft Mode

ib_propq 

IBM ProPrinter/ProPrinter XL, Quality Mode 

ib_qckwd 

IBM QuickWriter, Draft Mode 

ib_qckwq 

IBM QuickWriter, Quality Mode 

ib_qwt2d 

IBM QuietWriter II, Draft Mode

ib_qwt3d

IBM QuietWriter III, Draft Mode

ib_qwt3q

IBM QuietWriter III, Quality Mode

ib_x24ed

IBM ProPrinter X-24e/XL-24e, Draft mode 

ib_x24eq 

IBM ProPrinter X-24e/XL-24e, Quality mode 

ibcpclrd 

IBM Color Printer, Draft Mode, Color (Process Ribbon)

ibcpclrt 

IBM Color Printer, Color, Text Mode 

imagewcd 

Apple ImageWriter II, Color, Draft Mode 

imagewcq 

Apple ImageWriter II, Color, Quality Mode 

imagewrd 

Apple ImageWriter II, Non-Color, Draft Mode 

imagewrq 

Apple ImageWriter II, Non-Color, Quality Mode

ky_fserq 

Kyocera F-Series, 300 DPI Resolution

ky_origq 

Kyocera F-Series, Original ROM, 300 DPI Resolution 

ncr5037d 

NCR 5037 Laser Printer, 150 Resolution 

ncr5037q

NCR 5037 Laser Printer, 300 Resolution 

ncr6416d 

NCR 6416 Laser Printer, 100, ISO Mode 

ncr6416q

NCR 6416 Laser Printer, 300,ISO Mode

ne_2200d

NEC P2200, Draft Mode

ne_2200q 

NEC P2200, Quality Mode 

ne_6300d

NEC P6200/6300, Draft Mode

ne_6300q 

NEC P6200/6300, Quality Mode

ne_p567d 

NEC P5/P6/P7, Non-Color, Draft Mode 

ne_p567q 

NEC P5/P6/P7, Non-Color, Quality Mode

ne_p56xd 

NEC P5-XL, Non-Color, Draft Mode 

ne_p56xq 

NEC P5-XL, Non-Color, Quality Mode 

ne_p9xld

NEC P9-XL, Non-Color, Draft Mode 

ne_p9xlq 

NEC P9-XL, Non-Color, Quality Mode 

ne_s3550 

NEC Spinwriter 3530/3550 

ne_s8800 

NEC Spinwriter 8800 

nec290ps 

NEC Silentwriter2 290, PostScript

neclc890 

NEC SilentWriter LC-890, Postscript 

necp56xd 

NEC P5-XL, Color, Draft Mode 

necp56xq 

NEC P5-XL, Color, Quality Mode 

necp9xld 

NEC P9-XL, Color, Draft Mode

necp9xlq 

NEC P9-XL, Color, Quality Mode 

nep22xed

NEC P2200XE, Draft Mode 

nep22xeq 

NEC P2200XE, Quality Mode

ok84s2gd

Okidata ML-84 Step 2, Graphs Only, Low Resolution 

ok84s2gq

Okidata ML-84 Step 2, Graphs Only, High Resolution 

ok_2410d 

Okidata Pacemark 2410 IBM Compatible, Draft Mode 

ok_84s2t 

Okidata ML-84 Step 2, One Font/Line 6LPI Text Only 

ok_e320d

Okidata ML-320/321, Epson Emulation, Draft Mode 

ok_e320q 

Okidata ML-320/321, Epson Emulation, Quality Mode 

ok_e390d

Okidata ML-390/391, Epson Emulation, Draft Mode 

ok_e390q 

Okidata ML-390/391, Epson Emulation, Quality Mode 

ok_e393d 

Okidata ML-393/393C, Non-Color, Draft Mode 

ok_e393q 

Okidata ML-393/393C, Non-Color, Quality Mode 

ok_i182d 

Okidata ML-182/183 IBM Compatible, Draft Mode 

ok_i182q 

Okidata ML-182/183 IBM Compatible, Quality Mode 

ok_i192d

Okidata ML-192/193 IBM Compatible, Draft Mode

ok_i192q

Okidata ML-192/193 IBM Compatible, Quality Mode 

ok_i292d 

Okidata ML-292/293/294 IBM Compatible, Draft Mode 

ok_i292q 

Okidata ML-292/293/294 IBM Compatible, Quality Mode 

ok_m182d 

Okidata ML-182/183

ok_m182p 

Okidata ML-182 Plus/183 Plus 

ok_m292d

Okidata ML-292/293/294, Draft Mode, 8 bit graphics 

ok_m292q

Okidata ML-292/293/294, Quality mode, 8 bit graphics 

ok_m320d 

Okidata ML-320/321, Draft Mode o

ok_m320q 

Okidata ML-320/321, Quality Mode 

ok_m92gd

Okidata ML-92/93, Graphic mode 

ok_m92td 

Okidata ML-92/93, Text mode

ok_ml82c 

Okidata ML-82A/83A 16.5/8.3 cpi with OkiGraph I 

ok_ml82d

Okidata ML-82A/83A 10/5 cpi with OkiGraph I 

okce393d 

Okidata ML-393C, Color, Draft Mode 

okce393q

Okidata ML-393C, Color, Quality Mode 

okci292d

Okidata ML-292/293/294, IBM Compatible, Color, Draft Mode 

okci292q 

Okidata ML-292/293/294, IBM Compatible, Color, Quality Mode 

okcm292d

Okidata ML-292/293/294, Color, Draft Mode 

okcm292q 

Okidata ML-292/293/294, Color, Quality Mode 

oki_400q 

Okidata OkiLaser 400, 300 Resolution

oki_800q 

Okidata OkiLaser 800, 300 Res. (printer menu CART= S2-F assumed) 

okilasdc 

Okidata Laserline, 150 Resolution 

okilasqc 

Okidata Laserline, 300 Resolution

okimated 

Okidata Okimate, Draft Mode Black ribbon 

okimateq 

Okidata Okimate, Quality Mode Black ribbon 

okp2410d 

Okidata Pacemark 2410, Native Draft Mode 

okp2410q

Okidata Pacemark 2410, Native Quality Mode

pa_1080d

Panasonic P1080i, Draft Mode

pa_1080q 

Panasonic P1080i, Quality Mode 

pa_1091d 

Panasonic P1091i, Draft Mode 

pa_1091q 

Panasonic P1091i, Quality Mode

pa_1092d

Panasonic P1092i, Draft Mode

pa_1092q

Panasonic P1092i, Quality Mode

pa_1124d

Panasonic, KX-P1124

pa_1124q 

Panasonic, KX-P1124

pa_1524d 

Panasonic KX-P1524, Draft Mode

pa_1524q

Panasonic KX-P1524, Quality Mode

pa_1595d 

Panasonic KX-P1595, Draft Mode

pa_1595q 

Panasonic KX-P1595, Quality Mode 

pa_1624d

Panasonic KX-P1624, Non-Color, Draft Mode

pa_1624q 

Panasonic KX-P1624, Non-Color, Quality Mode 

pa_1695d 

Panasonic P1695, Draft Mode 

pa_1695q

Panasonic P1695, Quality Mode

pa_4420d 

Panasonic KX-P4420 Laser Printer, 150 DPI Resolution 

pa_4420q 

Panasonic KX-P4420 Laser Printer, 300 DPI Resolution 

pa_4450d 

Panasonic KX-P4450, 150 DPI Resolution

pa_4450q 

Panasonic KX-P4450, 300 DPI Resolution 

qmscolrs 

QMS ColorScript 100, Color, PostScript 

qmsnclrs 

QMS ColorScript 100, Non-Color, PostScript 

sm_nb10d 

Star NB-10/15, Draft Mode - No BOLD w/ Graphics; (IBM All switches on) 

sm_nb10q 

Star NB-10/15, Quality Mode (All Switches ON) 

sm_nx10d 

Star Micronics NX-10/15, Draft Mode 

sm_nx10q

Star Micronics NX-10/15, Quality Mode

ta_i130d 

Tandy DMP-130, Draft IBM Mode (1-1,2,7 On)

ta_i130q

Tandy DMP-130, Quality IBM Mode (1-1,2,7 On) 

ta_t130d 

Tandy DMP-130, Draft Tandy Mode (1-1 Off) 

ti_855wd

Texas - Instruments 855/865, draft mode

ti_855wq

Texas - Instruments 855/865, quality mode

ti_lasqc

TI Laser printer, laser jet emulation, 300 resolution

tic857wd

Texas - Instruments, 857/867, color, draft mode

tic857wq

Texas - Instruments, 857/867, color, quality mode

ts_351sd

Toshiba P351SX, draft mode

ts_351sq

Toshiba P351SX, quality mode

ts_p351d

Toshiba P351, draft mode

ts_p351q

Toshiba P351, quality mode

tsc351sd

Toshiba P351SX, color, draft mode

tsc351sq

Toshiba P351SX, color, quality mode



Table 5: Cartridge Descriptors

File Name

Cartridge Description

hpc3albe.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Albertus

hpc3anti.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Antique Olive

hpc3aria.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Arial

hpc3cgom.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface CG Omega

hpc3cgtm.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface CG Times

hpc3clar.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Clarendon Condensed

hpc3coro.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Coronet

hpc3cour.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Courier

hpc3gara.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Garamond

hpc3goth.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Letter Gothic

hpc3mari.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Marigold

hpc3ntmr.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface New Times Roman

hpc3symb.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Symbol

hpc3unco.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Univers Condensed

hpc3univ.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Univers

hpc3wing.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 300 dpi typeface Windings

hpc6albe.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Albertus

hpc6anti.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Antique Olive

hpc6aria.ccd

HP4 Fonts -  600 dpi typeface Arial

hpc6cgom.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface CG Omega

hpc6cgtm.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface CG Times

hpc6clar.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Clarendon Condensed

hpc6coro.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Coronet

hpc6cour.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Courier

hpc6gara.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Garamond

hpc6goth.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Letter Gothic

hpc6mari.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Marigold

hpc6ntmr.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface New Times Roman

hpc6symb.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Symbol

hpc6unco.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Univers Condensed

hpc6univ.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Univers

hpc6wing.ccd

HP4 Fonts - 600 dpi typeface Windings

hpca__qc 

HP A Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcb__qc 

HP B Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcc__qc 

HP C Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcd__qc 

HP D Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution 

hpce__qc 

HP E Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution 

hpcf__qc 

HP F Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcg__qc 

HP G Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution" !Portrait & Landscape

hpch__qc 

HP H Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcj__qc 

HP J Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution 

hpck__qc 

HP K Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcl__qc 

HP L Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcm__qc 

HP M Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution 

hpcn__qc 

HP N Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcp__qc 

HP P Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcproqc 

HP ProCollection Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution 

hpcq__qc 

HP Q Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcr__qc 

HP R Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcs1_qc 

HP S1 Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution" !Portrait & Landscape 

hpcs2_qc 

HP S2 Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpct__qc 

HP T Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcu__qc 

HP U Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution 

hpcv__qc 

HP V Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcx__qc 

HP X Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcy__qc 

HP Y Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

hpcz_2qc 

HP (Series II and above) Z Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

okc48hqc 

OKILaser 400/800 Cartridge H Legal Courier

okc48mqc 

OKILaser 400/800 Cartridge M Prestige Elite 

okc48nqc 

OKILaser 400/800 Cartridge N Letter Gothic 

c48pqc 

OKILaser 400/800 Cartridge P TmsRmn/Helv 

okc48tqc 

OKILaser 400/800 Cartridge T Tax 

okc4s1qc 

OKILaser 400 Cartridge S1 Courier 

okc4s2qc 

OKILaser 400 Cartridge S2 Tms Roman/Helv 

pac470qc 

Panasonic KX-P470 Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

pac471qc 

Panasonic KX-P471 Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

pac472qc 

Panasonic KX-P472 Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

pac473qc 

Panasonic KX-P473 Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

pac474qc 

Panasonic KX-P474 Cartridge, 300 DPI Resolution

pac475qc 

Panasonic KX-P475 Cartridge, 300 dpi Resolution 



Table 6: Plotter Descriptors

File Name

Plotter Description

colorprd

Hewlett Packard ColorPro - 8 Pens (Outline text) 

colorpro

Hewlett Packard ColorPro - 8 Pens (Filled text) 

dmp29

Houston Instruments DMP-29 - 8 pens (Filled text)

dmp29d

Houston Instruments DMP-29 - 8 pens (Outline text) 

dmp40

Houston Instruments DMP40 - 1 pen (Filled text) 

dmp40d

Houston Instruments DMP40 - 1 pen (Outline text) 

dmp41

Houston Instruments DMP41 - 1 pen (Filled text) 

dmp41d 

Houston Instruments DMP41 - 1 pen (Outline text)

dmp42 

Houston Instruments DMP42 - 1 pen (Filled text) 

dmp42d

Houston Instruments DMP42 - 1 pen (Outline text)

dmp51

Houston Instruments DMP-51 - 1 pen (Filled text)

dmp51d

Houston Instruments DMP-51 - 1 pen (Outline text) 

dmp51mp

Houston Instruments DMP-51 - 14 pen (Filled text) 

dmp51mpd

Houston Instruments DMP-51 - 14 pen (Outline text) 

dmp51p7 

Houston Instruments DMP-51 - 7 pen (Filled text) 

dmp51p7d

Houston Instruments DMP-51 - 7 pen (Outline text) 

dmp52

Houston Instruments DMP-52 - 1 pen (Filled text) 

dmp52d

Houston Instruments DMP-52 - 1 pen (Outline text) 

dmp52mp 

Houston Instruments DMP-52 - 14 pen (Filled text)

dmp52mpd

Houston Instruments DMP-52 - 14 pen (Outline text)

dmp52p7 

Houston Instruments DMP-52 - 7 pen (Filled text) 

dmp52p7d

Houston Instruments DMP-52 - 7 pen (Outline text) 

hp7470a

Hewlett Packard 7470A - 2 Pens (Filled text) 

hp7470ad

Hewlett Packard 7470A - 2 Pens (Outline text) 

hp7475a 

Hewlett Packard 7475A - 6 Pens (Filled text) 

hp7475ad

Hewlett Packard 7475A - 6 Pens (Outline text)

hp7550a

Hewlett Packard 7550A - 8 Pens (Filled text) 

hp7550ad

Hewlett Packard 7550A - 8 Pens (Outline text) 

hp7570 

HP 7570 DraftPro - 8 Pens (Filled text) 

hp7570d

HP 7570 DraftPro - 8 Pens (Outline text) 

hp7580b 

Hewlett Packard 7580B - 8 pens (Filled text)

hp7580bd

Hewlett Packard 7580B - 8 pens (Outline text) 

hp7585b 

Hewlett Packard 7585B - 8 pens (Filled text)

hp7585bd 

Hewlett Packard 7585B - 8 pens (Outline text) 

hp7586b

Hewlett Packard 7586B - 8 pens (Filled text) 

hp7586bd 

Hewlett Packard 7586B - 8 pens (Outline text)

hplj3

Hewlett Packard LaserJet III - 15 Pen (Filled text) 

hplj3d 

Hewlett Packard LaserJet III - 15 Pen (Outline text)

pc595 

Houston Instruments PC595 - 4 pens (Filled text) 

pc595d 

Houston Instruments PC595 - 4 pens (Outline text)

pc695 

Houston Instruments PC695 - 4 pens (Filled text) 

pc695d 

Houston Instruments PC695 - 4 pens (Outline text) 



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 5: How to Use SmartWare

The X11 Executable

Unix users running X11 can make use of SmartWare's mouse and graphics features by 
executing:

xangoss

or,

xoac 

If you are unable to start SmartWare or are having other problems refer to the section Trouble 
Shooting X11 Mode Start Up.

To change a variety of X defaults for SmartWare, refer to the section, X11 Mode 
Configuration.

Using the Interface

Pulldown Menus

When running in a graphical environment, pulldown menus (appearing on the second line from 
the top of the application window) can be used in place of command list ring menus (which are 
found in the bottom area of the screen). To start SmartWare with pulldowns, use the pulldown 
parameter. For example,

xoac -pulldown

When a pulldown menu is opened, an item or list of items will appear beneath it. Any items that 
display a right pointing arrow will contain sub-options.

To access a pulldown menu and select an item on it:

Mouse

Using the left mouse button, click on a menu name in the bar. Then, with the pulldown 
menu open, click on an item. Items can also be selected directly by dragging the 
highlighter from an initial position on the menu bar.

Keyboard

The Alt key activates/deactivates the menu bar. When the menu bar is active (when one of 
the menu names or the Control menu is highlighted), the left/right arrows keys move the 
highlighter horizontally along the bar and the up/down arrow keys open menus and move 
the highlighter vertically within the menu. Enter selects the highlighted item.

Alternatively, activate the menu bar with the Alt key and type the first letter of a menu 
item.

Pulldown menus in SmartWare use dialog boxes rather than the sequential prompting style 
used by command lists. Use the help system if you need assistance.

Pulldown Notes

Pulldown menus are an end user interface which can be turned off with the Tools / Preferences 
/ Terminate-Pulldowns command. Power users may require the complete command set 
offered by the command lists.

In the wordprocessor and spreadsheet modules - the two modules with both Entry and 
Command modes - the Esc key toggles the command list on and off. If you use the command 
list but have not terminated the pulldown menus, it is possible for them to become temporarily 
inactive. For instance, if you enter the Text-Editor through the command list, the pulldown 
menu will not be cleared however, any commands selected from the pulldown menu will have 
no affect. This retains compatibility with existing macros.

Toolbars

Toolbars, or toolboxes, can only be activated by the mouse in a graphical environment. Usually 
toolbars are displayed along the top of the application window, just below the pulldown menu 
bar however, developers may choose to place them along the bottom or one side of the window.

Like shortcut keys, toolbars make selecting certain items easier. A short description of any tool 
can be read by positioning the mouse pointer over the toolbar, holding the left mouse button 
down, and then dragging the pointer across the icons. The descriptions appear along the bottom 
of the application window as each tool is depressed.

Dialog Boxes

Dialog boxes are displayed when SmartWare (in pulldown mode) or RAD applications require 
information regarding a task you have selected. Simple dialog boxes, requiring no input, may 
also be displayed to provide information on the current task.

If a dialog box overlays information on the screen that you would like to view, it can be moved 
by dragging its top border to a new position. However, you cannot move a dialog box, or any 
part of it, outside the application's border.

Options

Dialog boxes may contain a number of option types.

Buttons

Usually, actions that complete or cancel the current task or lead to other dialog box 
options, are performed by selecting buttons. Most dialog boxes have an OK button and a 
Cancel button: OK is used to continue the task; Cancel is used to abort. An ellipsis (...) 
following a button indicates that more options are available.

Text Boxes

Text boxes are used to enter text or numeric information. When a text box is current, a 
cursor flashes within its input area - this area may also have a reversed color scheme.

List Boxes

These behave similarly to text boxes except that a prompter or pop-up menu (e.g. a file 
selector) can be accessed by clicking the down arrow (located to the right of the input 
area) or by pressing the F6 key.

To make a selection from the prompter, double click on an item with the left mouse 
button. A single click will move the pointer but will not complete a selection. In cases 
where multiple items can be selected, a single click will toggle the highlighter on and off 
for any items pointed at. Double click the final item to complete a multiple item selection.

Menus

Menus allow a single item to be selected from a small list of mutually exclusive items. 
When a menu is current, an arrow followed by a flashing cursor is displayed to the left of 
the menu items.

A selected item always appears highlighted. To move the highlighter, click on the desired 
item or use the space bar and backspace keys.

Moving Around in a Dialog Box

To move around within a dialog box:

Mouse

Click on the desired option.

Keyboard

The up/down cursor keys move to the next/previous option.

The Tab key moves to the next option.

The Shift Tab key combination moves to the previous option.

The left/right cursor keys move to the next/previous option except from within text or list 
boxes.

Note that pressing the Enter key also moves to the next option.

Trouble Shooting X11 Mode Start Up

s The error "Command not found." occurs when starting SmartWare.

Make sure the PATH environment variable includes the ANGOSS bin directory. Refer to the 
Setting Environment Variables section in the section,  Installation. Nevertheless, you 
should still be able to start SmartWare by specifying the full path as part of the start up 
command - e.g., /usr/angoss/bin/xoac.

s The error "connect to which display?" occurs when starting SmartWare.

Make sure the DISPLAY environment variable is set. Refer to the Setting Environment 
Variables section in the section, Installation.

s The error "can not connect to" occurs when starting SmartWare.

Make sure the DISPLAY environment variable is set to your X device name followed by :0.0. 
Refer to the Setting Environment Variables section in the section, Installation.

s Nothing happens, no error messages occur and control does not return to the Unix 
prompt.

Possibly the DISPLAY environment variable is set to a terminal other than your own. In this 
case, SmartWare starts but on the terminal specified by DISPLAY.

s The error "ld.so.1: xoac: fatal: libdb1.so.2.6..." or similar error occurs when starting 
SmartWare.

Make sure the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable is set to the shared library paths. 
Refer to the Setting Environment Variables section in the section, Installation.

s SmartWare starts, however, spurious characters appear on the screen. The error "can't 
load font sff8x14a" or similar error occurs.

Usually, the SFF fonts supplied with the SmartWare package are used for display. Possibly 
these were not installed or the font server does not know about them. Refer to the SFF Fonts 
section in X11 Mode Configuration.

s The BackSpace key and other keys do not operate correctly.

Possible these keys need to be remapped with the xmodmap command. Refer to xmodmap 
and xinit in your operating system's documentation.

The Character Mode Executable

The character mode version of SmartWare is started with:

angoss

or,

oac 

If you are unable to start SmartWare or are having other problems refer to the section Trouble 
Shooting Character Mode Start Up.

To change a variety of terminal defaults for SmartWare, refer to Character Mode 
Configuration.

Keystrokes

SmartWare assumes that a user can generate many of the keystrokes supported in X11 or the 
DOS operating system. In character mode, you can generate these keystrokes by using 
predefined key combinations. For instance, to generate Alt L in Unix, press the Esc key 
followed by the "L" key.

In many cases, your terminal will generate these combination keystrokes automatically. For 
example, SmartWare will interpret Esc 1 to mean the keystroke F1. Using terminfo, which is 
usually provided by your Unix vendor, or the Extended Terminal Information Compiler, you 
can indicate that the F1 keystroke on your terminal generates Esc 1 so that the net result is: the 
F1 key works as expected.

The SmartWare documentation, help text, and prompts refer to keystrokes by their X11 or DOS 
names. For instance Alt A, Ctrl F10, etc. Unix users must translate this to whatever is 
appropriate for their terminal. 

A few general rules apply:

Keystrokes

Description

Esc

The Escape key is used as a modifier for the next keystroke. For exam-
ple, Esc Y may represent an Alt Y keystroke. There is actually a time-
out value on the initial escape key press so that, if no other key is 
pressed within a certain amount of time, a normal escape is passed to 
SmartWare. The time-out value can be adjusted with an {escdelay etic 
entry - refer to Character Mode Configuration.

Esc Esc \

Provides help on keystroke mappings. When the escape, escape, back 
slash sequence is keyed, SmartWare presents a prompt requesting a 
keystroke. After entering a key (such as L or F3 or left), a table is dis-
played along the bottom of the screen that shows the DOS Key name 
followed by the Unshifted, Shifted, Control, and Alt mappings for your 
terminal. Refer to the Key Help section.

Ctrl C

Used as the immediate escape key.

Esc plus letter

Performs an Alt key type of action.

Function Keys

If your terminal has them, function keys should work normally. To 
obtain function keys that are not on your keyboard, press Esc and a 
number located between one and zero inclusively (Esc 0 = F10).

Ctrl keys

Most control keys have been left the same. In some cases they have 
been remapped.

You may also modify what a keystroke does with the etic utility. Refer to 
Character Mode Configuration for information.

Keystroke Help

There is an on-line keyboard help feature. The key sequence, Esc Esc \ prompts for a key. Type 
in the name of the key that you want to examine - for example, F5 or A. A small chart will then 
be displayed showing the keystrokes required to produce variations of the entered keystroke. 
This feature includes all customized keystrokes for your terminal.

The following words are accepted by the key help facility:

Word

Notes

F<n>

Function keys

<letter> 

Any letter, upper or lower case

HOME

END

PGUP

Also PAGE UP or PAGEUP 

PGDN

Also PAGE DOWN or PAGEDOWN

UP

DOWN

RIGHT

Also RIGH

LEFT

TAB

BS

Also BACKSPACE or BACK

CR

Also RETURN

Esc

INS

Also INSERT

DEL

Also DELETE

-

Also MINUS

HP

Also HELP (shows alternate remappings if any)

PS 

Also PRINT SCR or PRTSRC or PRNTSRCN

REF

Also REFRESH

HCHR

Also HIGH CHAR

Note: You can define a different key to provide key help by setting the {khelp string in the etic 
file. However, SmartWare ensures that key help is always available with the Esc Esc \ key 
combination.

Other Special Keys

Screen Refresh

If line noise or messages jumble up your screen, you can refresh your screen by typing Esc Esc 
=. This keystroke can be set in the etic file by the keyword {krefresh.

Print Screen

There is also a special keystroke to capture a screen image. The key sequence Esc Esc !, will 
create a file named /tmp/scrn<n> which contains an image of your current screen. This 
keystroke can also be set in the etic file by the keyword {kprtscn.

High Characters

Some symbolic fonts use characters that cannot be produced on the keyboard. In DOS, one 
obtains these characters by holding down the Alt key and entering the number of character on 
the numeric key pad. In Unix a special facility has been added to allow you to do this. The key 
sequence Esc Esc #, will prompter for a number. The number entered here will be converted to 
a character and placed into the keystroke buffer. This keystroke can also be set in the etic file 
by the keyword {khchr.

Trouble Shooting Character Mode Start Up

s The error "Command not found." occurs when starting SmartWare.

Make sure the PATH environment variable includes the ANGOSS bin directory. Refer to the 
Setting Environment Variables section in Installation. Nevertheless, you 
should still be able to start SmartWare by specifying the full path as part of the start up 
command - e.g., /usr/angoss/bin/oac.

s The error "No TERM variable specified." occurs when starting SmartWare.

Make sure the TERM environment variable is set. Refer to the Setting Environment 
Variables section in the section, Installation.

s SmartWare starts, however, spurious characters appear on the screen or keystrokes do 
not function as expected. 

The terminal type may be set incorrectly. Determine your terminal type and set the TERM 
environment variable to this name. Refer to the Setting Environment Variables section in 
the section, Installation. If the terminal type is set correctly, an etic file may need to be 
created or modified. Refer to Character Mode Configuration.

s The error "No TERMINFO status." occurs when starting SmartWare.

Make sure the TERM environment variable is set to a valid terminal type. Determine your 
terminal type and set the TERM environment variable to this name. Refer to the Setting 
Environment Variables section in the section, Installation.

s The screen is cleared but SmartWare does not start. 

Make sure the ANGOSS environment variable is set to the main product directory - e.g., /usr/
angoss. Refer to the Setting Environment Variables section in the section, Installation.

s The error "ld.so.1: oac: fatal: libdb1.so.2.6..." or similar error occurs when starting 
SmartWare.

Make sure the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable is set to the shared library paths. 
Refer to the Setting Environment Variables section in the section, Installation.

s The error "TERM lacks minimum capabilities..." or similar error occurs when starting 
SmartWare.

Possible the COLUMNS or LINES environment variables are not set or set to values too small 
for SmartWare. Minimum values are 80 columns by 24 lines.

SmartWare Start Up Flags

You may also start the various modules immediately as well as specify a variety of flags. The 
following start up flags are supported:

Start Up Flag

Description

-x

Display this explanation. Available with the xangoss and angoss 
command line only.

s

Start Spreadsheet (must be first argument).

w

Start Word Processor (must be first argument).

d

Start Database (must be first argument).

c

Start Communications (must be first argument).

-a <command>

Run a command ("-afile load \"mydoc\"").

-d <dir>

Data directory (-d/usr/mydir).

-oa <size>

Value stack size (-oa1000).

-oe

Default project execution mode = in-memory.

-od <file>

Special start up screen (-odmyfile).

-oi

Suppress start up screen (-oi).

-om <menu>

Optional menus.

-os <num>

Override detection of speech rec. software.

-ot <size>

String stack size (-ot1000).

-p <file>

Run project upon entry (-pstart).

-rad <path>

Run a RAD application (-rad/usr/angoss/apsys/sample).

-pulldown

Run with pulldown menus. NOTE: X11 mode only.

-geometry <WxH>

Specify the window size in characters. NOTE: X11 mode only.

-font <fontname>

Specify the font to use. NOTE: X11 mode only.

Although a start module flag - s, w, d, or c - can be listed after other flags, SmartWare will load 
more efficiently if it is listed first.

Note that the example for the run command flag (-a) places quotes around both the flag and the 
command. This is necessary because the command contains white space. Furthermore, the \" 
characters indicate that mydoc is a text string.

A specific module can be specified as the starting module by using a start up flag. For example, 
oac d, will load the database module.

The SmartWare Survival Guide

These mini tutorials assume that you have an understanding of the concepts used by the 
individual modules, but that you are not familiar with SmartWare. They are intended only to 
get you started quickly rather than to describe the entire module. For a complete tutorial and 
reference, refer to the SmartWare manual set.

The character mode version of SmartWare uses ring menus. Commands are highlighted by 
using the Spacebar or the Backspace key and are selected by pressing Enter or the first letter in 
the command. It is this version that will be used as the base for the command structure. As long 
as you are not using the pulldown menus in the X11 executable, this structure will be the same. 
If you are, turn them off by selecting the commands:

 Tools / Preferences / Terminate Pulldowns

For the sake of brevity, the Survival Guide will usually string together a set of commands, each 
separated by slash, as shown above. If data is requested by SmartWare within the command set, 
such as a file name, this will be placed in quotes. To step back one command, press the Esc key 
(in character mode, usually the Ctrl-C combination also works as an escape).

For each command, look at the autohelp line at the bottom of the screen for a brief description. 
Also, remember that F1 brings up context-sensitive help so, if you want to expand on a 
command set, refer to the help system.

To move from one module to another, select the Quit command followed by the desired 
module.

For a tutorial of the RAD Developer, refer to the Developer Manual or the radtut_u.txt file in 
the ../angoss/oasys directory.

The Database Module

Creating a View

The first step is to create a custom-view which is essentially a screen that displays data 
contained in a database file. To do this, select:

File / Create / "phone" / New / No-Password

The custom-view editor is displayed. To store data, we need to create a database file:

Create / Data-File / "phone" / Fixed-Length / No-Password

Now, with the cursor keys, move the cursor down and to the right a few spaces. Select:

Create / Note / "0"

Within this space we'll place a title. Enter the words "Phone Book" at the top left and then press 
the F10 key.

Again, move the cursor down a few spaces and select:

Create / Field / "Name" / Data-File

This produces the Field Definition screen where attributes such as the type and width are 
defined. Leave the Field type as Alpha but change the width from 8 to 30, then press Enter 
followed by the F10 key.

Using the same commands, add another field called "Phone" with a width of 14 and, perhaps 
some other fields for address information.

When you've finished adding fields, press F10 to save the view.

To unload this view (and any other views that are loaded), select:

File / Unload / All

To reload, select:

File / Load / Custom-View / "phone"

Typing the name "phone" in the above command is one way to do it. Selecting it from the pop-
up file prompter is another.

Adding and Viewing Records

A custom-view as nice as the one we've just created would be pointless without records. There 
are a number of ways to do this, but the easiest is to press the Esc key. This actually goes into 
Update mode but, because we have no records in the file, it behaves like the command set:

Data / Enter

To enter data, simply type the data into the field and press Enter. This moves on to the next 
field and so on. The up/down cursor keys move the highlighter from field to field while the left/
right cursor keys move within a field.

When Enter is pressed on the last field in a record, a new record may be created - depending on 
the field's attributes. If this does not happen, use the F6 key.

Now, add a bunch of records. Add more than one with the name "Bill".

When you've finished that, press the Esc key. This causes SmartWare to exit Enter/Update 
mode and return to command mode.

In command mode, like Enter/Update mode, the F5 and F6 keys change the current record. To 
view the file one record per line, select:

Data / Browse / All

To go back, use:

Data / Browse / Off

Sorting and Querying the File

To sort the file, select:

Order / Sort / Now / Dictionary / "sort"

Now we determine which field to sort on: move the pointer to the "Name" field, press F10, and 
select Ascending. Placing the view in browse mode should quickly show how the records were 
ordered. The Index name, in this case "sort", appears on the second last line of the screen. Now 
select:

Order / Change / Physical

This puts the file back in the order of entry.

Key fields can also be used to order a file. Because a binary search is used, this type of field can 
be ordered immediately. To add a key, select:

Order / Key / Add

Move the pointer to the "Name" field and press F10 twice. To order the file, select:

Order / Change / Key

Notice the k in front of the "Name" field. This indicates that it's a key. Select it, check the 
record order and then change the order back to physical.

To query the file for specific records, select:

Data / Query / Now

We can enter the criteria directly into the field(s) or we can create a query expression. Use the 
Alt-Q key combination (you may need to press Esc quickly followed by Q instead) to start the 
query editor. When that opens, press F6 and select the field called "Name". Following this, type 
!"Bill". It should look like:

[Name]!"Bill"

This means "find all records where the field [Name] contains the string "Bill". Now press F10 
twice. After processing, a query summary appears, press Esc to remove this.

Again, to go back to the original order, use:

Order / Change / Physical

Removing a Record 

Make one of the records containing the string "Bill", the current one. Select:

Data / Delete / Record

Notice that the record containing "Bill" is still there. That's not surprising. However, the second 
last line on the right side shows a DEL status. To remove deleted records, unload the file and 
select:

Data / Utilities / Purge / "phone"

Reload the file and check to see if the record is gone.

Reports

SmartWare can print the current record or the whole file in a variety of ways. Instead, let's 
create a simple permanent report. With the phone view loaded, select the commands:

Print / Report / Create / "phone" / New

The report definition view appears. Select:

Page

Move the pointer to the line "Is there a Table on the Page:" and toggle the "No" setting to 
"Yes". Press F10 to accept the default values for the table size.

Now select:

Table / Columns

At this point we can add fields to the report. Select the Field command followed by "[Name]" 
then press F10 to accept the options. This places "Name" on the line at the top of the Field 
Definition screen. Move the cursor to the right of "Name" and repeat these steps for the next 
field.

When you are done, press F10 three times. Now select:

Print / Report / Execute / "phone" / Screen / Detail

Press Enter for both the "Start Page" and "End Page" prompts. The report scrolls down the 
screen.

If you want to send the report output to a printer, select the appropriate printer driver and 
options in Tools / Preferences / Hardware first.

Note: The RAD Developer system is particularly strong in creating reports where views, 
queries, keys, sorts, input screens, and programs can all be attached to a report. For more 
information on RAD applications, refer to the Developer manual or the radtut_u.txt file in the 
oasys subdirectory.

The Word Processor

Unlike the Database module, the Word Processor defaults to Enter/Update mode rather than 
Command mode. Pressing the Esc key toggles back and forth between these modes.

One thing to remember throughout this tutorial is that most of the commands can be accessed 
with quick key combinations. Refer to the third and fourth last lines of the screen while in 
Enter/Update mode. The F2 key cycles through these lists. Note that, if a mouse is supported, 
these quick keys can be clicked on.

General Commands

Instead of typing in a document, let's import a text file. Note that, if you are using a 
Demonstration copy of SmartWare, you will not have the ability to save this document.

To start, switch to Command mode and select:

File / Import / "/usr/angoss/oasys/tutorial/example.doc"

Note: If the SmartWare directory is not /usr/angoss, substitute the directory where you installed 
SmartWare. Also, if you did not install the tutorial, you will not be able to find this document.

The example.doc text is read in, but the right margin is a little too narrow (in my copy anyway). 
To change this, select:

Layout / Ruler / Edit / Current

The cursor moves to a ruler along the top of the screen. Using the right cursor key, move the 
cursor to the seven inch setting and then enter a right square bracket "]" followed by the F10 
key.

Because I really like documents that begin with the words "Congratulations on your 
purchase...", let's copy that first paragraph. Move the cursor to the "C" of "Congratulations" and 
select:

Edit / Copy

Move the cursor down three lines, the text should highlighted, and then press Enter. We can 
copy this into a buffer and insert it in various places - including another loaded document - or 
we can just move the cursor to another position and press Enter. In this case, we'll copy it to 
the same location. So, press Enter right on the "C" of "Congratulations".

To delete both paragraphs, select:

Edit / Delete

Highlight the text and then press Enter.

To find specific text, such as ANGOSS, select:

Document / Find / "ANGOSS"

Then enter one or more of the options listed on the second last line of the screen. For example, 
"FI" will search forward for the next occurrence of ANGOSS regardless of case. The F9 key, 
which tells SmartWare to repeat the last command, can be used for the next search.

Replacing text is similar. To replace ANGOSS with SmartWare, select:

Edit / Replace / "ANGOSS" / "SmartWare" / "G"

The "G" option tells SmartWare to change all occurrences.

This moves us to the end of the document. To move back to the start, use the Ctrl-Home key 
combination (Esc-Slash-UpArrow may work on some character terminals).

Fonts

To change the font of a text block (and add a font at the same time), select:

Layout / Font / Change

Again, highlight the desired text and press Enter. We can select an existing font in the 
document or, by pressing F6, we can create a new one. Press F6. This produces the Font 
Selector. While on the Font Family field, press F6, move the pointer to a font type, and then 
press F10. Change some other parameters if you like, and press F10.

Note: Fonts shown in the Font Options screen are determined by the printer - which is set in the 
hardware preferences. If the Font Family displayed only the Standard type, a printer has 
probably not been selected. To change this, select the appropriate printer driver and options in 
Tools / Preferences / Hardware first. If the list of printers, presented in the Hardware 
Preferences is not appropriate, then you might need to add the printer driver to the resource file. 
(Refer to Printers and Other Resources, the Software System manual or the 
resource.txt for details).

Font information for the current cursor position is shown on the second last line following the 
"FN:" status. Since a font can be preset for newly entered text, the "Font:" status is also shown.

Spellcheck and Thesaurus

Before running these tools, select the commands:

Tools / Preferences / Wordprocessor

Move down to the Dictionary Preferences section and enable the Thesaurus and Spellchecker 
items if they are not already. Press F10.

Select the commands:

Document / Dictionary / Spellcheck / Screen

Highlight a block of text (or press F8 for the whole document) and press Enter. Select a 
suggested replacement or use one functions listed on the second last line. The spellchecker 
continues to operate until all the words in the highlighted block are checked or you cancel it 
with the Esc key.

To use the Thesaurus, select:

Document / Dictionary / Thesaurus

Move to the desired word and press Enter.

File Commands

The Save, load, and unload commands all fall under the File menu. If you unload a document 
before saving it, SmartWare will prompt you. Again, if you are using a Demonstration copy of 
SmartWare, you will not have the ability to save.

The Spreadsheet

Like the Word Processor, the Spreadsheet module defaults to Enter/Update mode rather than 
Command mode. Pressing the Esc key toggles back and forth between these modes.

Due to the nature of the Spreadsheet module, this section will stress data entry as opposed to 
command structures.

Entering Data

When starting the Spreadsheet, a blank Worksheet Window with the cell highlighter positioned 
in cell r1c1 is displayed.

As you type the data, the entry appears beside the "Enter:" prompt. Press Enter to record the 
entry in the cell. Or, press one of the cursor keys to record the entry.

Three types of data can be entered into worksheet cells: text, numeric values, and formulas.

To enter text, the first key pressed must be a letter, or any key other than a number, @,#, -, +, ., 
$, :, or ;. If the text to be entered begins with a number or one of these characters, start the entry 
with quotation marks.

If the text you enter fills the current cell, the cell to the right is highlighted, if empty, and the 
text is displayed over that empty cell. If the cell to the right is not empty, the display of text is 
visually truncated.

To enter numeric data, type a number, or precede the entry with "+", "-", ".", or "$".

To enter a formula, press the equal sign "=" first. The result of the formula is calculated and 
displayed in the current cell when you press Enter.

The contents of formulas are generally evaluated from left to right. The order of evaluation will 
vary depending upon the priority of the operators used and the use of parentheses within the 
formula. The order of priority is:

 ^ (Exponentiation) * (Multiplication), / (Division) + (Addition), - (Subtraction)

Placing parentheses around an expression indicates that it is to be evaluated before other 
expressions.

After numeric values have been entered into a worksheet, you can input formulas to perform 
calculations on the value entries. As an example, suppose you enter a column of numbers (in 
column 1, rows 1 through 4) and then want to calculate the sum of the column. To create the 
formula, first position the highlighter in the cell that is to contain the total and press the equal 
"=" key.

A sum calculation can be accomplished in several different ways. You can enter a string of 
specific cell references connected by the "+" operator to obtain the result:

 r1c1+r2c1+r3c1+r4c1

You can use the SUM function which calculates:

 sum(r1c1,r2c1,r3c1,r4c1)

You can also write the formula as:

 sum(r1:4c1)

Notice that the second SUM example specifies a range of rows. If rows are inserted or deleted 
in the area referenced by the range, the formula is adjusted automatically.

Blockmarking in Formulas

When building a formula using cell references, you can type the references yourself, or you can 
use the "pointing technique" and let SmartWare enter the references for you.

Build the formula as you normally would. But instead of typing a cell reference, use the cursor 
keys to move the highlighter to the desired cell. If you enter an arithmetic operator, a comma, 
or a parenthesis, the cell marked by the highlighter is used in the formula. The highlighter then 
returns to the formula cell, permitting you to enter a value or point to another cell. Press Enter 
to complete the formula definition.

To point to and mark a block of cells rather than individual cells, move the highlighter to the 
first cell in the block. Press F2 to define a cell as the starting point. Move the highlighter over 
the block of cells.

When the entire block of cells is covered by the highlighter, enter an arithmetic operator (or for 
a function, a left parenthesis) to continue building the formula. The highlighter returns to the 
formula cell, permitting you to define the next element of your formula. Pressing Enter at any 
time completes the definition.

While you are building a formula, you can press F3 to make the formula's references absolute 
or relative.

Recalculating Formulas

The Spreadsheet will recalculate every formula in your worksheet each time you press Shift 
F5. To speed up processing of your worksheet, you can recalculate only the formulas that need 
to be recalculated by pressing F5. If you have selected Automatic Recalculation, using Tools / 
Preferences / Spreadsheet, formulas will recalculate each time you change the worksheet.

You can change recalculation mode on a worksheet-by-worksheet basis by executing the Sheet 
Calc-Mode command and choosing either the Automatic or Manual option. You can also select 
the order of recalculation with the Sheet Calc-Order command. The options are Natural-Order 
(the most common), Row-Order, or Column-Order. The Display option of the Sheet / Calc-
Mode command shows the calculation settings for the current worksheet.

Basic Worksheet Formatting

Worksheet data can be presented in a variety of ways using the Layout / Format commands. 
Text entries can be left-justified, right-justified, or centered in a cell. Numeric values can be 
justified or centered and can be expressed in scientific notation or as numbers, currency, 
percents, bar symbols, dates, or time. In addition, decimal precision and the presentation of 
negative numbers can be specified for numeric value entries.

File Commands

To save a worksheet, select:

File / Save / "filename"

Although hyphens can be used in a file name, the practice is not recommended because the 
name cannot be used in an external reference. The first character should be a letter, if possible. 
If you are using a Demonstration copy of SmartWare, you will not have the ability to save.

To unload a worksheet, select:

File / Unload

If you unload a worksheet before saving it, SmartWare will prompt you.

If you have other files active, the most recently loaded worksheet appears on the screen. You 
can also type the word "all" to unload all active files.

To load a worksheet, select:

File / Load / "filename"

Starting the Sample Application

The RAD Sample Application demonstrates various programming techniques and other 
examples contained within a simple Contact Management system. Because a RAD application 
and its Developer system run on top of SmartWare, that software must be installed first.

To run the Sample Application, use one of the following commands:

In X11:

xoac -rad/usr/angoss/apsys/sample

In character mode:

oac -rad/usr/angoss/apsys/sample

Note: If SmartWare was not installed in /usr/angoss, substitute this with the appropriate 
directory name.

When the application starts, you will be prompted for a User ID. Use the default name: ROOT. 
For more information on RAD applications, refer to the Developer manual or the radtut_u.txt 
file in the oasys subdirectory.